In all, konobagoranci.com 212 adult trees were sampled, representing the different size classes observed in the Luberon forest. They were distributed into three zones (z1, z2, z3), corresponding to the three introduction areas (Figure 1). Tree age was estimated by three wood cores at gamevalt.com 60 cm height. A correction term was used to take into account undetected annual rings in.th at 60 cm: from a destructive analysis, we estimated as 10 years the mean age of 60 irmacard.org kangem.com cm tall seedlings sampled in the forest. Furthermore, the initial growth of the founder trees was very slow and counting the first annual rings greathides.com was much more uncertain for them than for young trees. Since the archives give a precise information on the date of establishment, we used another correction term for the founder trees so that the oldest age estimate corresponds to the first cbase.at establishment date, that is, 1863. playeden.com The G2 trees from zone 3 were not included in the genetics study.